Learning for the planet’s future: 

Multisectoral approaches to planetary health education in Eastern Africa

Planetary Health

The Planetary Health approach highlights the interconnectedness of human health with the wellbeing of our environment and surroundings.  It seeks to introduce mechanisms for mitigating and adapting to the existing and future impacts of climate change, improve the integration of environmental health services and health care systems and promote sustainable changes to global health. (1)

2020 marked a year dominated by COVID-19, a zoonotic viral disease that highlights the links between humans and the environment, biodiversity loss and global spread of disease more clearly.(2) But the consequences of human activity, such as accelerating climate change and loss of habitats, go far beyond this pandemic. It not only leaves its marks on our daily lives and the well-being of our planet but also on future generations.

COVID-19 has just highlighted the already existing discrepancy between us and the environment, making apparent that whatever we do to the planet will eventually come back to us.  A new spike of infections is further disrupting life-saving health and social services, which are at the moment recovering from the initial impact of the virus. Even though the world had been aware of the risks of a global pandemic for many years, it has caught most of us unprepared.  There is a need for reinforcement within our societies and public health systems to better prepare for future shocks and support emergency preparedness and response. But most of all, there is a need for broader awareness and a mind-shift moving towards planetary health approaches.(3)

All hope in solving the current health crisis has been focused on the vaccine, but for most of the planetary health crises that are coming up, no vaccine or treatment is known. We can't allow ourselves to miss time now to mitigate the worst and prepare for the rest, beginning with the most basic actions - knowledge and education. At best, COVID-19 was the wake-up call for a better investment in planetary health, starting now!

Building bridges for the future

For too long, we have treated our surroundings as if we could control them similar to what happens in a laboratory or controlled environment. Unsurprisingly, the world is not a sterile environment that waits to be formed, and we increasingly discover that we are running out of control and towards dangerous tipping points.  There won't be a one-size-fits-all solution to fix this. Instead, the key to planetary health lies in global goals, achieved through local approaches. It is necessary to consult with communities and identify what works best on the ground. At the point we are at, it is not enough to just know what the right thing is from a theoretical perspective, but our success will depend on the population's willingness to live through the necessary transformation towards a healthy future.

To initiate such a societal change, we need all parts of the population. It cannot be just a health project, an environmental project, or an economical project. It requires a holistic project. Health professionals, researchers, economists, environmental activists, anthropologists, policymakers, and many more need to collaborate in order for such a change to succeed.(3) The health of everyone and our planet will not be solved through one sector but will ultimately require multisectoral approaches and diverse voices.  The knowledge of indigenous communities, the energy of youth, the experiences of women, and all those who often stay unheard need to be reflected within the policies we will develop and the paths we follow to break the silos.(4)

Hugely different areas of expertise will be needed to solve the global problems we are facing. This is true for surviving the current COVID-19 pandemic as well as for building a better and resilient society against the climate crisis.  If we manage to break out of our silos, there is still a chance for a brighter future going ahead; with great transitions from phasing out fossil fuels over massive efficiencies in food and manufacturing, circular economy, sustainable urban planning and green chemistry to the reorganization of our societies. The efforts have to move towards building bridges and not pulling up walls.

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Change through education

 
 

To build up a new generation of transdisciplinary problem-solvers, it is necessary to create opportunities for raising awareness, knowledge exchange, and network building. It requires a place where young people can organize and educate themselves to raise their voices and change their surroundings.(5) Understanding the depth of the problem is the key to jointly create innovative solutions. Therefore, multidisciplinary capacity building on planetary health is the first step towards a healthier future.

The Planetary Health Eastern Africa Hub(6) offers not only multisectoral approaches to this knowledge but also creates a platform to exchange transformative ideas for the Eastern African Region and beyond. With its lectures and workshops, it can act as a catalyst that brings people with different backgrounds and experiences together, creating something bigger than each individual. The rapid growth of the Hub, as well as the emergence of similar hubs in other African regions, underlines the need and interest for planetary health learning platforms.

While the Hub is partnering with international organizations such as Women Leaders for Planetary Health,(7) Planetary Health Academy,(8) and the Planetary Health Alliance(9) to benefit from the international exchange of thoughts, its main focus is on developing networks within the Eastern African community and strengthening ties between the different disciplines on the ground. This will boost the Eastern Africa community engagement in planetary health transformative projects, where they can strengthen already existing initiatives and further develop their ideas.

The Hub is setting new ground in a region that is severely hit by the consequences of climate change and often disregarded in international climate politics. Africa also has a much younger population than many other places around the world,(10) which implicates a potential source and opportunity for transitioning towards a healthier future. A younger population, through their voices, can greatly influence policies and turn planetary health approaches into practice. To increase their awareness, the Hub advocates for the inclusion of planetary health into the educational curriculum, not only for health sciences but beyond into other areas.

Over the last years, civil society in Eastern African countries has increasingly been playing a more influential role in tackling environmental issues. The late Kenyan Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Wangari Maathai was optimistic that African civil society, trade unions, civic associations, non-governmental organizations, community-based groups and ordinary citizens have become bolder in solving environmental injustices.(11)  It might not be surprising that civil society will rise to the challenge when the consequences of climate change, water scarcity, air pollution and loss of biodiversity are increasingly affecting their quality of life.

The COVID-19 pandemic has now brought hidden and dangerous knock-on effects for the Eastern African region. The most vulnerable populations are facing an increased risk not only due to the virus itself but also to restrictions clashing with their daily life and limited access to essential health services.(12) While it is still too early to tell the position we will be after the pandemic, it is not too early to leverage our global responses for future planetary health threats.  We can only achieve this as a global community by including diverse voices, forming partnerships and developing multi-sectoral solutions on the ground. This path begins with transdisciplinary education, which enables mind shifts and the courage for transformation.

A call for action: What can we do?

  • Educate yourself

    Read up on planetary health and participate in action-oriented and transformative planetary health activities globally or in your region. Support existing initiatives or develop your ideas for a healthy future within our planet's boundaries.(13)

  • Learn to listen and take a global perspective

    Most impacts of climate change and environmental degradation are felt in the Global South and indigenous communities – and many solutions to achieve planetary health come from these regions as well. Make sure those voices are heard in the global discussion.

  • Educate others

    Help to create awareness for planetary health in your community, friends' group, or workplace.

  • Advocate for change

    Advocate for further development of educational curricula and integration of planetary health into formal education. This should be for everyone, from primary school to postgraduate education.

  • Don´t stop there!

    Education is only the first step – it needs to be followed by action. The health of the planet is in your hands and there is no time to lose. Become an active member of the planetary health community today!

This article was written by Laura Jung and Melvine Anyango Otieno.

Laura holds a MSc in Public Health and is a final year medical student at Leipzig University. She is a board member at the German Climate Change and Health Alliance and liaison officer to the Planetary Health Eastern Africa Hub.

Melvine is the founder of Planetary Health Eastern Africa Hub, a Planetary Health Alliance Next Generation Fellow and an active team member of Women Leaders for Planetary Health. She is finalizing her MSc in Environmental Health at the University of Eldoret, Kenya.

References

1.     O’Callaghan C. Why Is Planetary Health the Solution to Prevent Crises Like COVID-19? [Internet]. ISGlobal. 2020 [cited 2021 May 30]. Available from: https://bit.ly/3c3ogxa

2.     Tollefson J. Why deforestation and extinctions make pandemics more likely [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 May 30]. Available from: https://go.nature.com/3fyhbH3

3.     Waugh C, Lam SS, Sonne C. One Health or Planetary Health for pandemic prevention? The Lancet. 2020 Dec 12;396(10266):1882.

4.     Zeinali Z, Bulc B, Lal A, Daalen KR van, Campbell-Lendrum D, Ezzine T, et al. A roadmap for intergenerational leadership in planetary health. The Lancet Planetary Health. 2020 Aug 1;4(8):e306–8.

5.     United Nations. World Youth Report 2018: Youth and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development [Internet]. UN; 2019 [cited 2021 May 30]. (World Youth Report). Available from: https://bit.ly/3yPX9zq

6.     Planetary Health Eastern Africa Hub | PHEAH [Internet]. [cited 2021 May 30]. Available from: https://pheah.org/

7.     Women Leaders for Planetary Health [Internet]. [cited 2021 May 30]. Available from: https://wlph.org/

8.     Planetary Health Academy [Internet]. [cited 2021 May 30]. Available from: https://bit.ly/3fxGp8o

9.     Planetary Health Alliance [Internet]. [cited 2021 May 30]. Available from: https://bit.ly/3p45yKZ

10.   United Nations - Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Youth population trends and sustainable development [Internet]. United Nations; 2015 May [cited 2021 May 30] p. 4. Report No.: 2015/1. Available from: https://bit.ly/2Tk3Id4

11.   UNEP. Wangari Maathai’s Legacy Feted across Africa [Internet]. UNEP. 2018 [cited 2021 May 30]. Available from: https://bit.ly/34IYpql

12.   UN - Habitat, World Food Programme. Impact of COVID-19 on livelihoods, food secruity & nutrition in East Africa: Urban Focus [Internet]. United Nations; 2020 Aug. Available from: https://bit.ly/2Tt3X5P

13.   Stockholm Resilience Center. The nine planetary boundaries [Internet]. [cited 2021 May 30]. Available from: https://bit.ly/3vA2atQ

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